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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
pain \pain\ (p[=a]n), noun [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. poinh' penalty. Cf. {Penal}, {Pine} to languish, {Punish}.]
1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty. --Chaucer.
We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. --Bacon.
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. --Dryden.
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. --Addison.
2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart. ''The pain of Jesus Christ.'' --Chaucer.
Note: Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally interpreted as originating at the peripheral end of the nerve.
3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.
She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. --1 Sam. iv. 19.
4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish. Also called {mental pain}. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster +PJC]
In rapture as in pain. --Keble.
5. See {Pains}, labor, effort.
{Bill of pains and penalties}. See under {Bill}.
{To die in the pain}, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Pain \Pain\, verb (used with an object) [imp. & p. p. {Pained} (p[=a]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Paining}.] [OE. peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See {Pain}, noun]
1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] --Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).
2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.
Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. --Locke .
3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as, a child's faults pain his parents.
I am pained at my very heart. --Jer. iv. 19.
{To pain one's self}, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.] ''She pained her to do all that she might.'' --Chaucer.
Syn: To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
pain
noun
1: a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension" [syn: {hurting}]
2: emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; "the pain of loneliness" [syn: {painfulness}] [ant: {pleasure}]
3: a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain" [syn: {painful sensation}]
4: a bothersome annoying person; "that kid is a terrible pain" [syn: {pain in the neck}, {nuisance}]
5: something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness; "washing dishes was a nuisance before we got a dish washer"; "a bit of a bother"; "he's not a friend, he's an infliction" [syn: {annoyance}, {bother}, {botheration}, {infliction}, {pain in the neck}, {pain in the ass}]
verb
1: cause bodily suffering to [syn: {afflict}, {trouble}, {ail}]
2: cause emotional anguish or make miserable; "It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school" [syn: {anguish}, {hurt}]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
248 Moby Thesaurus words for "pain": abscess, ache, aching, afflict, affliction, aggrieve, agonize, agony, ague, ail, anemia, anguish, ankylosis, annoyance, anoxia, apnea, asphyxiation, assiduousness, asthma, ataxia, atrophy, backache, barb the dart, bite, bitterness, bleakness, bleeding, blennorhea, blow, bore, bother, bruise, burn, cachexia, cachexy, castigation, chafe, chastening, chastisement, cheerlessness, chill, chills, colic, comfortlessness, condign punishment, constipation, constrain, convulse, convulsion, correction, coughing, cramp, crucify, cut, cut up, cyanosis, depress, depression, deserts, despair, diarrhea, diligence, disciplinary measures, discipline, discomfort, discomposure, dismalness, dismay, disquiet, distress, distressfulness, dizziness, dolor, drag, dreariness, dropsy, dysentery, dyspepsia, dyspnea, edema, effort, elbow grease, emaciation, excruciate, exertion, fainting, fatigue, ferule, fester, fever, fibrillation, flux, fret, gall, give pain, gnaw, grate, grief, grieve, grievousness, grind, gripe, growth, harass, harrow, headache, hemorrhage, high blood pressure, hurt, hurt the feelings, hydrops, hypertension, hypotension, icterus, indigestion, industry, inflame, inflammation, inflict pain, infliction, injure, injury, insomnia, irk, irritate, irritation, itching, jaundice, joylessness, judgment, judicial punishment, kill by inches, labor, labored breathing, lacerate, lament, lamentability, lamentation, lesion, low blood pressure, lumbago, marasmus, martyr, martyrize, misery, mourn, mournfulness, nasal discharge, nasty blow, nausea, necrosis, nemesis, nip, nuisance, ordeal, painfulness, pains, pains and punishments, pang, paralysis, passion, pathos, pay, payment, penal retribution, penalty, penology, pest, pierce, pinch, pitiability, pitiableness, pitifulness, poignancy, prick, prolong the agony, pruritus, punishment, punition, put to torture, rack, rankle, rash, rasp, regrettableness, retribution, retributive justice, rheum, rub, sadden, sadness, sclerosis, scourge, sedulousness, seizure, sharpness, shock, skin eruption, smarting, sneezing, sore, sore spot, soreness, sorrow, sorrowfulness, spasm, stab, sting, stitch, strain, stress, stress of life, stroke, suffer, suffering, tabes, tachycardia, tender spot, throes, toil, torment, torture, travail, trial, tribulation, trouble, try, tumor, tweak, twinge, twist, twist the knife, upset, upset stomach, vertigo, vexation, vomiting, wasting, well-deserved punishment, what-for, while, woe, woebegoneness, woefulness, wound, wrench, wretchedness, wring
From THE DEVIL'S DICTIONARY ((C)1911 Released April 15 1993) [devils]:
PAIN, noun An uncomfortable frame of mind that may have a physical basis in something that is being done to the body, or may be purely mental, caused by the good fortune of another.
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