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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Overtake \O'ver*take"\, verb (used with an object) [imp. {Overtook}; p. p. {Overtaken}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Overtaking}.]
1. To come up with in a race, pursuit, progress, or motion; also, to catch up with and move ahead of. [1913 Webster +PJC]
Follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say . . . Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good. --Gen. xliv. 4.
He had him overtaken in his flight. --Spenser.
2. Hence: To surpass in production, achievement, etc.; as, although out of school for half a year due to illness, the student returned and overtook all the others to finish as valedictorian. [PJC]
3. To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to overcome.
If a man be overtaken in a fault. --Gal. vi. 1
I shall see The winged vengeance overtake such children. --Shak.
4. Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (overtaken), drunken. [Obs.] --Holland.
5. To frustrate or render impossible or irrelevant; -- used mostly of plans, and commonly in the phrase overtaken by events; as, their careful marketing plan was overtaken by events. [PJC]
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
overtake
verb
1: catch up with and possibly overtake; "The Rolls Royce caught us near the exit ramp" [syn: {catch}, {catch up with}]
2: travel past; "The sports car passed all the trucks" [syn: {pass}, {overhaul}]
3: overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli [syn: {overwhelm}, {overpower}, {sweep over}, {whelm}, {overcome}] [also: {overtook}, {overtaken}]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
50 Moby Thesaurus words for "overtake": attend, befall, booze up, boozify, catch up with, come after, come up to, come up with, come upon, crock, displace, emanate, ensue, follow after, follow up, fuddle, gain on, gain upon, go after, hit, issue, lap, leave behind, leave standing, outdistance, outpace, outrun, outsail, outstrip, overhaul, overwhelm, pass, pickle, plaster, pollute, reach, replace, result, seize, souse, stew, stone, strike, succeed, supervene, swack, take, tipsify, track, trail
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