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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Garlic \Gar"lic\, noun [OE. garlek, AS. g[=a]rle['a]c; gar spear, lance + le['a]c leek. See {Gar}, noun, and {Leek}.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Allium} ({A. sativum} is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] --Taylor (1630).
{Garlic mustard}, a European plant of the Mustard family ({Alliaria officinalis}) which has a strong smell of garlic.
{Garlic pear tree}, a tree in Jamaica ({Crat[ae]va gynandra}), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
garlic
noun
1: bulbous herb of southern Europe widely naturalized; bulb breaks up into separate strong-flavored cloves [syn: {Allium sativum}]
2: aromatic bulb used as seasoning [syn: {ail}]
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Garlic (Heb. shum, from its strong odour), mentioned only once (Num. 11:5). The garlic common in Eastern countries is the Allium sativum or Allium Ascalonicum, so called from its having been brought into Europe from Ascalon by the Crusaders. It is now known by the name of "shallot" or "eschalot."
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