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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Distillation \Dis'til*la"tion\ (d[i^]s't[i^]l*l[=a]"sh[u^]n), noun [F. distillation, L. destillatio.]
1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.
2. That which falls in drops. [R.] --Johnson
3. (Chem.) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam.
Note: The evaporation of water, its condensation into clouds, and its precipitation as rain, dew, frost, snow, or hail, is an illustration of natural distillation.
4. The substance extracted by distilling. --Shak.
{Destructive distillation} (Chem.), the distillation, especially of complex solid substances, so that the ultimate constituents are separated or evolved in new compounds, -- usually requiring a high degree of heat; as, the destructive distillation of soft coal or of wood.
{Dry distillation}, the distillation of substances by themselves, or without the addition of water or of other volatile solvent; as, the dry distillation of citric acid.
{Fractional distillation}. (Chem.) See under {Fractional}.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
distillation
noun
1: the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors [syn: {distillment}]
2: a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling [syn: {distillate}]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
163 Moby Thesaurus words for "distillation": aeration, aerification, artifact, atomization, blazing, blistering, bolting, brainchild, branding, burning, calcination, carbonization, cauterization, cautery, child, cineration, clarification, coinage, colature, combustion, composition, concentrate, concentration, concoction, concremation, condensation, core, cracking, creation, creature, cremation, crowning achievement, cupellation, decoction, deflagration, destructive distillation, disentanglement, disinvolvement, distillate, distilling, dribble, drip, dripping, drippings, drop, edulcoration, effect, elixir, elution, elutriation, end product, essence, essentialization, etherealization, etherification, evaporation, exhalation, expression, extract, extraction, fabric, filtering, filtration, flaming, fluidization, fractionation, fruit, fumigation, gasification, gist, handiwork, heart, incineration, infusion, invention, issue, kernel, leaching, leak, leakage, leaking, lixiviation, manufacture, marrow, masterpiece, masterwork, material, matter, meat, medium, mintage, narrowing, new mintage, nub, offspring, opera, opus, opuscule, origination, outcome, outgrowth, oxidation, oxidization, parching, percolation, pith, pressing, product, production, purification, pyrolysis, quintessence, refinement, refining, rendering, rendition, result, riddling, sap, scorching, scorification, screening, searing, seepage, seeping, self-immolation, separation, sieving, sifting, simplification, singeing, smelting, smoking, soaking, soul, spirit, spiritualization, spurtle, squeezing, steaming, steeping, straining, streamlining, stripping, stripping down, stuff, sublimation, substance, sum and substance, suttee, sweating, the stake, thermogenesis, trickle, tricklet, uncluttering, unscrambling, unsnarling, vaporization, vesication, volatilization, winnowing, work
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