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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Correction \Cor*rec"tion\ (k?r-r?k"sh?n), noun [L. correctio: cf. F. correction.]
1. The act of correcting, or making that right which was wrong; change for the better; amendment; rectification, as of an erroneous statement.
The due correction of swearing, rioting, neglect of God's word, and other scandalouss vices. --Strype.
2. The act of reproving or punishing, or that which is intended to rectify or to cure faults; punishment; discipline; chastisement.
Correction and instruction must both work Ere this rude beast will profit. --Shak.
3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong; an emendation; as, the corrections on a proof sheet should be set in the margin.
4. Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; as, the correction of acidity in the stomach.
5. An allowance made for inaccuracy in an instrument; as, chronometer correction; compass correction.
{Correction line} (Surv.), a parallel used as a new base line in laying out township in the government lands of the United States. The adoption at certain intervals of a correction line is necessitated by the convergence of of meridians, and the statute requirement that the townships must be squares.
{House of correction}, a house where disorderly persons are confined; a bridewell.
{Under correction}, subject to correction; admitting the possibility of error.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
correction
noun
1: the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right [syn: {rectification}]
2: a quantity that is added or subtracted in order to increase the accuracy of a scientific measure [syn: {fudge factor}]
3: something substituted for an error
4: a rebuke for making a mistake [syn: {chastening}, {chastisement}]
5: a drop in stock market activity or stock prices following a period of increases; "market runups are invariably followed by a correction"
6: the act of punishing; "the offenders deserved the harsh discipline they received" [syn: {discipline}]
7: treatment of a specific defect; "the correction of his vision with eye glasses"
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
104 Moby Thesaurus words for "correction": admonishment, admonition, amendment, amends, appraisal, appraisement, approximation, assessment, assize, assizement, calculation, castigation, chastening, chastisement, chiding, compensation, computation, condign punishment, corrigendum, deserts, determination, disciplinary measures, discipline, editing, emendation, estimate, estimation, evaluation, ferule, fixing, gauging, improvement, infliction, instrumentation, judgment, judicial punishment, lecture, lesson, making right, measure, measurement, measuring, mending, mensuration, metric system, nemesis, objurgation, overhaul, overhauling, pains, pains and punishments, pay, payment, penal retribution, penalty, penology, punishment, punition, quantification, quantization, rating, rebuke, recension, recompense, rectification, redaction, redress, remedy, repair, repairing, reparation, reprehension, reprimand, reproach, reprobation, reproof, reproval, rescript, rescription, retribution, retributive justice, revampment, revisal, revise, revised edition, revision, rewrite, rewriting, rod, satisfaction, scolding, scourge, sermon, spanking, survey, surveying, telemetering, telemetry, triangulation, troubleshooting, upbraiding, valuation, well-deserved punishment, what-for
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