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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Conviction \Con*vic"tion\ (k[o^]n*v[i^]k"sh[u^]n), noun [L. convictio proof: cf. F. conviction conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See {Convict}, {Convince}.]
1. The act of convicting; the act of proving, finding, or adjudging, guilty of an offense.
The greater certainty of conviction and the greater certainty of punishment. --Hallam.
2. (Law) A judgment of condemnation entered by a court having jurisdiction; the act or process of finding guilty, or the state of being found guilty of any crime by a legal tribunal.
Conviction may accrue two ways. --Blackstone.
3. The act of convincing of error, or of compelling the admission of a truth; confutation.
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast, Or subtle shifts conviction to evade. --Milton.
4. The state of being convinced or convicted; strong persuasion or belief; especially, the state of being convicted of sin, or by one's conscience.
To call good evil, and evil good, against the conviction of their own consciences. --Swift.
And did you presently fall under the power of this conviction? --Bunyan.
Syn: {Conviction}; {persuasion}.
Usage: Conviction respects soley matters of belief or faith; persuasion respects matters of belief or practice. Conviction respects our most important duties; persuasion is frequently applied to matters of indifference. --Crabb. -- Conviction is the result of the [operation of the] understanding; persuasion, of the will. Conviction is a necessity of the mind, persuasion an acquiescence of the inclination. --C. J. Smith. -- Persuasion often induces men to act in opposition to their conviction of duty.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
conviction
noun
1: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence [syn: {strong belief}, {article of faith}]
2: (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise" [syn: {judgment of conviction}, {condemnation}, {sentence}] [ant: {acquittal}]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
92 Moby Thesaurus words for "conviction": anathematizing, arrogance, aspiration, assumption, assurance, assured faith, assuredness, belief, censure, certainty, certitude, cheerful expectation, cocksureness, condemnation, confidence, confidentness, courage, damnation, death sentence, death warrant, denouncement, denunciation, dependence, desire, doctrine, dogma, doom, doomed hope, excommunication, expectation, eye, fair prospect, faith, feeling, fervent hope, fixed opinion, good cheer, good hope, great expectations, guilty verdict, high hopes, hope, hopeful prognosis, hopefulness, hopes, hoping, hoping against hope, hubris, implicit belief, judgment, mature judgment, mind, opinion, overconfidence, oversureness, overweening, overweeningness, persuasion, poise, pomposity, position, positiveness, prayerful hope, presumption, pride, promise, proscription, prospect, prospects, rap, reliance, sanguine expectation, security, self-assurance, self-confidence, self-importance, self-reliance, sentence, sentiment, settled belief, settled judgment, staunch belief, steadfast faith, subjective certainty, sureness, surety, tenet, trust, unshaken confidence, verdict of guilty, view, well-grounded hope
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