From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Containment \Con*tain"ment\, noun
1. That which is contained; the extent; the substance. [Obs.]
The containment of a rich man's estate. --Fuller.
2. the act of containing. [PJC]
3. (Diplomacy) the act or policy of restricting the influence or territorial growth of a hostile nation.
Note: The policy of containment is employed when the defeat of a hostile nation or overthrow of its government is considered impractical or too costly. [PJC]
4. the act of restricting some deleterious substance within a confined space, especially when such material is released unintentionally or by accident; as, containment of nuclear waste; containment of an oil spill. Also used attributively, as a containment boom. [PJC]
5. a structure surrounding a nuclear power plant designed to prevent release of radioactive materials into the environment in the event of an accident. [PJC]
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
noun
1: a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate pecefully; "containment of communist expansion was a central principle of United States' foreign policy from 1947 to the 1975"
2: (physics) a system designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material from a reactor
3: (military) the act of containing something or someone; keeping it from spreading; "the army was charged with the containment of the rebel forces"
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
62 Moby Thesaurus words for "containment": Eisenhower Doctrine, Monroe Doctrine, Nixon Doctrine, Truman Doctrine, appeasement, balance of power, brinkmanship, cincture, circling, circumambience, circumambiency, circumcincture, circumflexion, circumjacence, circumposition, coexistence, colonialism, compromise, detente, deterrence, diplomacy, diplomatic, diplomatics, dollar diplomacy, dollar imperialism, embracement, encincture, encirclement, enclosure, encompassment, enfoldment, envelopment, environment, expansionism, foreign affairs, foreign policy, girding, girdling, good-neighbor policy, imperialism, inclusion, internationalism, involvement, isolationism, manifest destiny, militarism, nationalism, neocolonialism, neutralism, nonresistance, open door, open-door policy, peace offensive, peaceful coexistence, preparedness, shirt-sleeve diplomacy, shuttle diplomacy, spheres of influence, surrounding, the big stick, tough policy, world politics
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