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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Slag \Slag\ (sl[a^]g), noun [Sw. slagg, or LG. slacke, whence G. schlacke; originally, perhaps, the splinters struck off from the metal by hammering. See {Slay}, verb (used with an object)]
1. The dross, or recrement, of a metal; also, vitrified cinders.
2. The scoria of a volcano.
3. (Metal.) A product of smelting, containing, mostly as silicates, the substances not sought to be produced as matte or metal, and having a lower specific gravity than the latter; -- called also, esp. in iron smelting, {cinder}. The slag of iron blast furnaces is essentially silicate of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium; that of lead and copper smelting furnaces contains iron. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
{Slag furnace}, or {Slag hearth} (Metal.), a furnace, or hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore.
{Slag wool}, mineral wool. See under {Mineral}.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Cinder \Cin"der\ (s[i^]n"d[~e]r), noun [AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross, Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. {Sinter}.]
1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct.
2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. --Swift.
3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.
4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano.
{Cinder frame}, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders.
{Cinder notch} (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
cinder
noun: a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire [syn: {clinker}]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
47 Moby Thesaurus words for "cinder": alluvion, alluvium, ash, ashes, brand, burning ember, calx, carbon, charcoal, clinker, coal, coke, coom, deposition, deposits, diluvium, draff, dregs, dross, ember, feces, firebrand, froth, fume, grounds, lava, lees, live coal, loess, moraine, offscum, precipitate, precipitation, reek, scoria, scum, sediment, settlings, silt, sinter, slag, smoke, smudge, smut, soot, sublimate, sullage
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