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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Adversary \Ad"ver*sa*ry\, adjective
1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] --Bp. King.
2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 [gcide]:
Adversary \Ad'ver*sa*ry\, noun; pl. {Adversaries}. [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See {Adverse}.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.
His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. --Shak.
Agree with thine adversary quickly. --Matt. v. 25.
It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary. --Beattie.
{The Adversary}, The Satan, or the Devil.
Syn: {Adversary}, {Enemy}, {Opponent}, {Antagonist}.
Usage: Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
adversary
noun: someone who offers opposition [syn: {antagonist}, {opponent}, {opposer}, {resister}] [ant: {agonist}]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thes]:
57 Moby Thesaurus words for "adversary": adversative, adverse, alien, antagonist, antagonistic, anti, antipathetic, antithetic, archenemy, assailant, bitter enemy, clashing, combatant, competitive, competitor, con, conflicting, contradictory, contrary, counter, cross, devil, disaccordant, dissentient, enemy, foe, foeman, fractious, hostile, inimical, negative, noncooperative, obstinate, open enemy, opponent, opposed, opposing, opposing party, opposite, opposite camp, oppositional, oppositive, oppugnant, overthwart, perverse, public enemy, recalcitrant, refractory, repugnant, rival, sworn enemy, the loyal opposition, the opposition, uncooperative, unfavorable, unfriendly, unpropitious
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Adversary (Heb. satan), an opponent or foe (1 Kings 5:4; 11:14, 23, 25; Luke 13:17); one that speaks against another, a complainant (Matt. 5:25; Luke 12:58); an enemy (Luke 18:3), and specially the devil (1 Pet. 5:8).
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